Which type of tissue is primarily fatty and located just beneath the skin's surface?

The correct choice is connective tissue because this type of tissue includes adipose tissue, which is primarily composed of fat cells. Adipose tissue is found just beneath the skin's dermal layer, serving several essential functions, such as insulation, energy storage, and cushioning for the body.

Connective tissue, in general, binds other tissues and organs together, provides support and protection, and facilitates nutrient transportation through blood. While other tissue types each serve distinct functions—like epithelial tissue covering surfaces, muscle tissue enabling movement, and nervous tissue facilitating communication—the defining characteristic of connective tissue related to this question is its role in storing fat, which is specifically manifested in adipose tissue.