What is the purpose of using a toner in a skincare routine?

The primary purpose of using a toner in a skincare routine is to restore pH balance to the skin after cleansing. Cleansers, especially those that are soap-based or contain strong ingredients, can disrupt the skin's natural acid mantle, leading to a higher pH level. Toners help to re-establish the skin's pH, which is typically around 4.5 to 5.5. This balanced environment is crucial for healthy skin function and helps maintain hydration, regulate oil production, and protect against environmental stressors.

While some toners may have hydrating properties, their main role lies in pH restoration, making this function essential in achieving and maintaining the optimal condition of the skin. Other options like providing sun protection or specifically targeting excess oil may be characteristics of certain products, but these do not encompass the primary function of a toner.