What ingredient is commonly used to exfoliate the skin?

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are commonly used to exfoliate the skin because they are water-soluble acids derived from fruits. AHAs, such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, help to break down the bonds between dead skin cells on the surface, facilitating their removal. This process reveals fresher, smoother skin underneath, and can improve overall skin texture and tone.

AHAs are especially beneficial for individuals with dry or sun-damaged skin, as they can also enhance hydration. By promoting cell turnover and fostering a healthier skin appearance, they play a crucial role in many skincare routines focused on exfoliation.

While beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) are also effective exfoliants, especially for oily and acne-prone skin due to their oil-solubility which allows them to penetrate pores more deeply, they are distinct from AHAs in their composition and primary uses. Retinol is known for its anti-aging properties and stimulating collagen production but does not primarily function as an exfoliant in the same way as AHAs and BHAs. Ceramides are important for strengthening the skin barrier and retaining moisture, but they do not have exfoliating properties.